home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
/
Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
/
pc
/
illusion
/
rock_txt.cxt
/
00451_Text_re25xt.txt
< prev
Wrap
Text File
|
1997-02-04
|
3KB
|
111 lines
problem solving, although
these processes are rapid-fire,
unconscious, and nonverbal.
"Description" implies, for
example, that a perceptual
property such as shape is the
result of an abstract analysis of
an objectΓÇÖs geometrical
configuration, including how it
is oriented, in a form like that
of a proposition, except that it
is not couched in natural
language. Such a description of
a square, for example, might be
"a figure with opposite sides
equal and parallel and four
right angles, the sides being
horizontal and vertical in
space." "Inference" implies
that certain perceptual
properties are computed from
given sensory information
using unconsciously known
rules. For example, perceived
size is inferred from the
objectΓÇÖs visual angle, its
perceived distance, and the law
of geometrical optics relating
the visual angle to object
distance. "Problem solving"
implies a more creative process
of arriving at a hypothesis
concerning what object or
event in the world the stimulus
might represent and then
determining whether the
hypothesis accounts adequately
for, and is supported adequately
by, the stimulus. An example
would be the perception that
occurs in an apparent-
movement display in which
alternating figures of the same
shape but differing
orientations are presented.
Observers tend to perceive an
object moving up and down and
rotating during its motion.
RotationΓÇöΓÇôthat is, flipping
overΓÇöΓÇôin the third dimension is
preferred.
Of course, one might take the
opposite view, that perception
is quite unintelligent, because
it adheres rigidly to its
"conclusions" despite
knowledge to the contrary.
After all, flexibility is one of
the hallmarks of intelligence.
However, as we have seen,
there are good reasons why
perception is more or less
impervious to the influence of
conscious knowledge about the
actual state of affairs in the
environment. Perception is
intelligent because its
operations are like those of
thought, not because it is
flexible or interwoven with the
domain of conscious thought.
Its "conclusions" are logical
within its own domain.
The intelligence of
perception should not be
regarded as equivalent to the
utilization of past experience
in what we perceive. Although
experience often does affect
perception, it does not always
do so, and even when it does,
its scope is limited. The
thoughtlike operations of
perception should be
distinguished from the content
of thought. The capability of
reasoning is not synonymous
with the use in reasoning of
certain knowledge gained from
past experience.
Perhaps this argument can be
reversed. Perhaps perception
arose in evolution before
conscious reasoning ability,
arose out of the necessity for
achieving veridicality from the
ambiguous, inadequate
stimulus input. Inference
would then first have the form
I have suggested it has in
perception. Once this kind of
process had evolved, it
eventually underwent further
modification until it assumed
the form that characterizes
conscious thinking in human
beings. If so, we might conclude
that thought is perceptionlike.